Quelltext der Seite Virtualizing a Linux System (Creating a Linux VM P2V)

from http://www.localizingjapan.com/blog/2011/03/05/virtualizing-a-linux-system-creating-a-linux-vm-p2v/

This tutorial article is going to show you how to create a Linux virtual machine from a physical Linux system. These instructions are generic enough to work with any Linux distribution, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, CentOS, Debian, Mint, etc.

There are many reasons why you would create a VM of a physical system you have running. You might want to test out things before you try them on your actual system. It is useful when you are translating to have both the English and Japanese (or other language) OS and applications open side by side to reference the correct translations easily. Whatever the reason, this article will show you one way to do it pretty easily.

Overview of the Linux VM creation task:

== Tools and Resources Needed ==
* SystemRescueCd ISO file
* KVM (libvirt)
* Preparation Tasks

== Main Tasks ==
# Create an empty Virtual Machine
# Create the hard drive partitions (LVM)
# Restore files
# Set up the boot loader
# Final Task – Boot the VM


=== Create an empty Virtual Machine ===
add one SATA-Disk (qcow2, 150GB) and cdrom with SystemRescueCd.iso

=== Create the hard drive partitions ===
Turn the computer on and boot to SystemRescueCd Linux.

Create 2 partitions boot (500MB) and data
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">fdisk /dev/sda</syntaxhighlight>

Create LVM stuff
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
pvcreate /dev/sda2
vgcreate vg0 /dev/sda2

lvcreate -n swap -L 4G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n tmp -L 10G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n var -L 6G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n root -L 20G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n mysql -L 5G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n mail -L 15G vg0 /dev/sda2
lvcreate -n www -L 80G vg0 /dev/sda2

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-root
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-tmp
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-var
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-www
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-mail
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-mysql
</syntaxhighlight>


Mount filesystem and create dirs
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mkdir /clone
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root /clone

mkdir /clone/boot
mkdir /clone/tmp
mkdir /clone/proc
mkdir /clone/sys
mkdir /clone/dev
mkdir /clone/var
mkdir /clone/srv
mkdir /clone/srv/www
mkdir /clone/srv/vmail
mkdir /clone/srv/mysql

mount /dev/sda1 /clone/boot
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-tmp /clone/tmp
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-var /clone/var
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-www /clone/srv/www
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-mail /clone/srv/vmail
mount /dev/mapper/vg0-mysql /clone/srv/mysql
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Restore files ===
Copy files from live system to clone
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /etc/ clone_IP:/clone/etc/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /boot/ clone_IP:/clone/boot/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /var/ clone_IP:/clone/var/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /lib/ clone_IP:/clone/lib/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /lib64/ clone_IP:/clone/lib64/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /usr/ clone_IP8:/clone/usr/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /sbin/ clone_IP:/clone/sbin/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /bin/ clone_IP:/clone/bin/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /srv/mysql/datadir55/ clone_IP:/clone/srv/mysql/datadir55/
rsync --stats --progress --numeric-ids -axAhHSP /srv/www/xxxxx.de/ clone_IP:/clone/srv/www/xxxxx.de/

</syntaxhighlight>

=== Set up the boot loader ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do mount -B $i /clone$i; done 
chroot /clone /bin/bash

grub-mkdevicemap
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub-install --recheck --debug  /dev/sda
</syntaxhighlight>


==== Change IP-addresses and cache size, disable cron jobs ====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
#ip
/etc/network/interfaces
/etc/postfix/main.cf
/etc/apache2/

# /boot
/etc/fstab

#disable crons (backup, stats...)
crontab -e
/etc/cron.*

#cache size
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
</syntaxhighlight>



== Links ==
* http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Ubuntu_umziehen
* http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chroot/Live-CD
* http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Logical_Volume_Manager

[[Kategorie:Linux]]
[[Kategorie:Ubuntu]]
[[Kategorie:MyGretchen]]